Image provenance

What Are Content Credentials?

How Content Credentials and C2PA records describe media provenance, and what their presence or absence means.

Content Credentials are signed provenance information associated with a digital file. The C2PA standard defines how a file can carry claims about its source and editing history, with cryptographic bindings that help a verifier check whether the record is associated with that file and has been altered.

Provenance is different from classification

A classifier estimates which patterns an image resembles. A provenance record contains claims made by a signer about the file’s history. Verification can check whether a record is well-formed and its signature is valid under a trust system. It does not prove that the depicted event is true or that every step in the history was recorded.

Content Credentials can be removed when a file is transformed by software that does not preserve them. The C2PA specification also describes ways to rediscover some credentials through durable bindings, but this depends on the ecosystem and the specific file.

The absence of credentials does not make an image suspicious. Many cameras and editing tools do not create them, and normal sharing can separate a file from its record. A present credential should be checked with a verifier that supports the standard and read for what it actually says.

Motchilllz currently reports AI classifier output and common EXIF fields. It does not validate C2PA records. See the C2PA explainer for its description of provenance and verification, then use the image authenticity checklist for other checks.